Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Health Science Monitor

View Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Health Science Monitor

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5577/hsm.vol3.2025

Published: 01.01.2025

Full Issue

Cover Page

Article

The effect of acidic drinks on the solubility and water absorption properties of composite resins with different structures

Aim: The aim of this in-vitro study was to examine the changes occurring over time in water absorption and solubility values in acidic solution environments of composite materials with different structures. Methods: A total of 90 disc-shaped samples (8mm diameter, 2mm thickness) were prepared using three different composite resins: Kaiser Bulk Fill Composite (Dr. Müller Dental, Germany), Nano Composite (Dr. Müller Dental, Germany), and GC Flowable Composite (GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan). After leaving the samples in an incubator for 24 hours, baseline weights were recorded. The samples were then placed in cola, energy drink, and distilled water solutions for 7 and 15 days. From the measurements taken at the end of these periods, the water absorption and solubility values were calculated. In the statistical analyses of the study, the Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn-Bonferroni test, and Wilcoxon test were used. Results: At the end of 7 and 15 days, the solubility values of Nano Composite were determined to be significantly lower than those of GC Flowable Composite and Kaiser Bulk Fill Composite (p<0.05). In the comparisons of the water absorption values, no statistically significant difference was determined between the materials (p>0.05). Conclusion: Differences in the structural properties of restorative materials can significantly affect the water absorption and solubility in water behaviours of these materials depending on time and the environment.

Composite resin, solubility, absorption, energy drinks, cola

Abdurrahman Yalçın, Tuba Tunç, Suzan Cangül, Hatice Ortaç (Author)
- PDF
Abstract Views: 1 Download: 0 10.5577/hsm.e251215
Evaluation of periapical healing in patients with osteoporosis: A retrospective study

Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate periapical healing after root canal treatment in patients with osteoporosis presenting with periapical lesions. Methods: Thirty-five patients diagnosed with osteoporosis who were admitted to the Inonu University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, between January 2010 and September 2018 were initially screened. Three patients without periapical lesions, one patient whose radiographic records were unavailable, one patient who had received inadequate root canal treatment, eleven patients who were unreachable, and twelve patients who were unable to attend follow-up visits were excluded from the study. Consequently, 13 teeth from seven patients were included in the osteoporosis group. The control group consisted of systemically healthy individuals with periapical lesions. Demographic data, medical history, treatment type, and clinical and radiographic findings were recorded. The periapical status before and after treatment was evaluated using the Periapical Index (PAI) scoring system and the American Association of Endodontists’ recommendations. Results: Healing rates were compared between the groups using Fisher’s exact test, and no statistically significant difference was observed (p = 1.000). Changes in periapical status according to PAI scores were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, revealing statistically significant improvements in both the control (p < 0.001) and the osteoporosis groups (p = 0.002). Comparisons of the pre- and post-treatment PAI scores between the groups using the Mann–Whitney U test demonstrated no statistically significant differences either before (p = 0.947) or after treatment (p = 0.804). Conclusion: Periapical healing following root canal treatment did not differ significantly between patients with osteoporosis and healthy controls. However, further studies involving larger populations are required to confirm these findings.

Osteoporosis, periapical index scoring, periapical healing, root canal treatment, apical periodontitis

Elçin Tekin Bulut, Levent Akıncı, Özge Turan, Yeşim Talay (Author)
- PDF
e251213
Abstract Views: 35 Download: 97 10.5577/hsm.e251213
Comparison of ChatGPT-5, Gemini 2.5 Pro, and DeepSeek-V3.1 chatbot responses to dental avulsion injuries

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare three large language models (LLMs); ChatGPT-5 (OpenAI), Gemini 2.5 Pro (Google), and DeepSeek-V3.1 (Hangzhou DeepSeek AI), in terms of their ability to provide information on questions asked about avulsion, a type of traumatic dental injury. Methods: In the study, 25 open-ended questions prepared based on the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) were directed to large language models in their "Think / DeepThink / Reasoning" modes. The responses were evaluated by two experienced experts using a five-point Likert scale for accuracy and a three-point Likert scale for completeness (exhaustiveness). Readability was analyzed using the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog Index (GFI), Simplified Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and Coleman–Liau Index (CLI). Inter-rater reliability was assessed, and ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn-Bonferroni tests were used for group comparisons, based on the data's normality. Results: The results showed that all three models demonstrated high evaluator agreement in terms of both accuracy and completeness. Significant differences were observed between the models in terms of accuracy scores (p=0.016). In subgroup analyses, the ChatGPT-5 model's accuracy score was significantly higher than that of the DeepSeek-V3.1 model (p=0.020). Significant differences were observed between the models in terms of completeness scores (p=0.006). In the subgroup analyses, the completeness scores of the ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro models were significantly higher than those of the DeepSeek-V3.1 model (p=0.007 and p=0.046, respectively). In terms of readability, the DeepSeek-V3.1 model achieved higher FRES scores and lower FKGL, GFI, and SMOG scores. Overall, ChatGPT-5 demonstrated the highest performance in terms of accuracy and completeness, while DeepSeek-V3.1 achieved the highest readability values. Conclusion: The results show that ChatGPT-5 is the most reliable model in terms of clinical accuracy and content integrity, whereas DeepSeek-V3.1 produces more linguistically understandable responses. However, no model can completely replace human expertise. These systems should be considered tools to support clinical decision-making processes and should be used under physician supervision, especially in pediatric emergencies.

Artificial intelligence, large language models, chatbot, ChatGPT, Gemini, DeepSeek, avulsion

Özge İlter Er, Özkan Adıgüzel, Makbule Taşyürek, Hatice Ortaç (Author)
- PDF
e251201
Abstract Views: 276 Download: 468 10.5577/hsm.e251201
Comparison of the dimensional compatibility between gutta-percha cones and files of three variable-taper endodontic systems

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional fit between the finishing files of three commonly used endodontic file systems (ProTaper Ultimate, WaveOne Gold, and Reciproc) and the gutta-percha (GP) cones claimed by their manufacturers to be compatible with these files. Methods: In this in vitro study, 20 finishing files and 20 corresponding GP cones from each of the ProTaper Ultimate, WaveOne Gold, and Reciproc systems were examined (a total of 60 files and 60 GP cones). Diameters were measured at 1, 4, 9, and 16 mm (D1, D4, D9, and D16, respectively) from the apical tip using a dental operating microscope and ImageJ software. Data were statistically analyzed using the Paired-samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<0.05). Results: Statistically significant diameter discrepancies (p<0.05) were observed between the files and their corresponding GP cones across all systems. At D1, file diameters were consistently greater than those of the compatible GP cones, whereas in the Reciproc system at D16, the GP cones exhibited significantly larger diameters than the files. Conclusion: This study revealed dimensional discrepancies between files and manufacturer-designated “compatible” GP cones, potentially compromising obturation quality. Clinicians should verify cone fit both radiographically and clinically through the “tug-back” sensation, rather than relying solely on manufacturer claims. When incompatibility is detected, tip adjustment using a GP gauge may be necessary.

Gutta-percha, nickel-titanium, rotary file, root canal treatment, dimensional compatibility, taper, gauge, material testing

Nilgün Bulut, Beyhan Başkan (Author)
- PDF
e251205
Abstract Views: 105 Download: 111 10.5577/hsm.e251205