Comparison of the dimensional compatibility between gutta-percha cones and files of three variable-taper endodontic systems

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional fit between the finishing files of three commonly used endodontic file systems (ProTaper Ultimate, WaveOne Gold, and Reciproc) and the gutta-percha (GP) cones claimed by their manufacturers to be compatible with these files.

Methods: In this in vitro study, 20 finishing files and 20 corresponding GP cones from each of the ProTaper Ultimate, WaveOne Gold, and Reciproc systems were examined (a total of 60 files and 60 GP cones). Diameters were measured at 1, 4, 9, and 16 mm (D1, D4, D9, and D16, respectively) from the apical tip using a dental operating microscope and ImageJ software. Data were statistically analyzed using the Paired-samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<0.05).

Results: Statistically significant diameter discrepancies (p<0.05) were observed between the files and their corresponding GP cones across all systems. At D1, file diameters were consistently greater than those of the compatible GP cones, whereas in the Reciproc system at D16, the GP cones exhibited significantly larger diameters than the files.

Conclusion: This study revealed dimensional discrepancies between files and manufacturer-designated “compatible” GP cones, potentially compromising obturation quality. Clinicians should verify cone fit both radiographically and clinically through the “tug-back” sensation, rather than relying solely on manufacturer claims. When incompatibility is detected, tip adjustment using a GP gauge may be necessary.